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Runoff formation in polar areas and runoff analysis in two selected catchments in the James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Vacková, Kateřina ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Nedělčev, Ondřej (referee)
Runoff in polar areas is strongly influenced by rising air temperature because these regions experience the largest air temperature increases in the world. Rising air temperatures affect permafrost, snow cover and glaciers which are the main components of runoff in high latitude regions. Warming is also causing the shift in precipitation phase from solid (snow) to liquid (rain) as well as changes in annual precipitation its distribution. With reducing extent of the snow and ice cover, the energy balance of the Earth's surface is fundamentally affected as the albedo is reduced, which leads to further warming of the Earth's surface. Changes in snow and ice cover lead to significant positive feedback loops in the climate cycle. This study includes analyses of meteorological and hydrological data measured in James Ross Island during the 2018 austral summer. Meteorological data were measured at eight automatic weather stations, and hydrological data were measured in seven catchments. However, in this thesis the analyses are focused on two selected catchments: the partly glaciated Triangular and the glacier-free Bohemian catchments. The influence of different meteorological variables on the catchment runoff was analysed using correlation and regression analyses. The analyses showed the highest...
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Remote Sensing of Surface Meltwater on the Glaciers of Svalbard
Sieglová, Eliška ; Margold, Martin (advisor) ; Engel, Zbyněk (referee)
Supraglacial lakes pond meltwater on the surface of glaciers. They form in the ablation zone during the ablation season and their darker surface lowers the albedo of the glacier. Once drained to the glacier bed, they may affect basal sliding and flow velocities of the glacier. High- resolution imagery from the Sentinel-2 mission was used to characterize the ablation season on two glacier regions of Svalbard: Hinlopenbreen glacier on the east coast and Kongsbreen and Kronebreen glaciers on the west coast of Spitsbergen. The first supraglacial lakes appeared in the first half of June in the west region and in the second half of June in the east region. The peak of the lake area was observed around the turn of June and July in the west region and around the half of July in the east region. The time of the first appearance of supraglacial lakes corresponded with temperatures reaching positive values. They first formed in lower elevations and started progressing higher with rising temperatures. Most supraglacial lakes formed between 600 and 700 m a.s.l. in the west region and between 400 and 500 m a.s.l. in the east region. In the east region a significant number of the supraglacial lakes (12 % of their total area) formed above the estimated equilibrium line altitude of 600 m a.s.l. Further research...
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The Observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region
Pinc, Martin ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region Abstract The paper presents comparison and evaluation of articles literature of the mentioned topic with a focus of the Swiss and Wallis Alps. The first chapter describes the physical geography of the region and mostly reminds us with Alpine specifics related to the paper's goal - ocean-continental climate, typical wind movement (the wind "foehn"), slopes orientation a steepness, snow line, forest bounds, existence of glaciers and lakes - and then mostly characterizes the air temperature in recent years. The next chapter analyzes observed temperatures in more detail. Temperatures show a long-term trend of increasing, particularly from the year 1980. More steady development is presented by the mean day minimum, rather than maximum. There is some debate when comparing lowlands and highlands - some works show bigger increase in lowlands than in highlands, some vice versa. This might be caused by the research methodology. When analyzing seasonal trends, the highest altitude sensitivity belongs to the winter season; the smallest sensitivity to the autumn. It appears that when above the 0 řC isotherm, the altitude is a small factor of the warming differences. Two categorisations of the emission scenarios are applied when projecting the future air...
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The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region and their consequences
Pinc, Martin ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region and their consequences Abstract This paper studies findings from researches that describe development of a climate change in the Alps. This text shows geography of the Alps, models that define future temperature changes and natural and human factors which affect climate change in the Alpine region. One of the main topics in this paper are possible consequences of the climate change. This paper studies climate change in the Swiss Alps and in Wallis Alps on Swiss-Italian border. The next section of this paper studies scenarios of climate change and divides them according to emission development. Paper also shows the projected temperature changes in the Alps. The main goal of this work is to accurately describe climate change models used in the Alpine region, to discuss their reliability and to determine in which cases the model temperatures differ from temperature data measured at meteorogical stations. Another goal of this work is to determine physical and human factors that contribute to surface temperature warming in the Alps. This paper also shows predictions of temperature development in the Alps and its possible consequences. In the Alps, The projected temperatures are compared with measured temperatures. Predicted temperatures are then...
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The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region and their consequences
Pinc, Martin ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region and their consequences Abstract This paper studies findings from researches that describe development of a climate change in the Alps. This text shows geography of the Alps, and also models that define future temperature changes and natural and human factors which affect climate change in the Alpine region. One of the main topics in this paper are possible consequences of the climate change. This paper studies climate change in the Swiss Alps and in Wallis Alps on Swiss-Italian border. The next section of this paper studies scenarios of climate change and divides them according to emission development. Paper also shows the projected temperature changes in the Alps. The last chapter of this paper describes modelling of climate change using tree-ring based temperature reconstructions. The main goal of this work is to accurately describe climate change models used in the Alpine region, to discuss their reliability and to determine in which cases the model temperatures differ from temperature data measured at meteorogical stations. Another goal of this work is to determine physical and human factors that contribute to surface temperature warming in the Alps. This paper also shows predictions of temperature development in the Alps and its...
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Geologický výzkum Antarktidy
Masarykova univerzita, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Brno ; Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Praha ; Česká geologická služba, Praha ; Holub, František V. ; Kadlec, Jaroslav ; Svojtka, Martin ; Máčka, Zdeněk ; Jeřábek, Petr ; Žák, Jiří ; Lexa, Ondrej ; Klán, Petr ; Košler, Jan ; Mlčoch, Bedřich ; Nývlt, Daniel ; Mixa, Petr
Závěrečná zpráva popisuje výsledky čtyřletého projekt, kterých bylo dosaženo v jednotlivých dílčích úkolech: 1. Studium zdrojových oblastí a glacifluviálních a morénových sedimentů na ostrově James Ross ve vztahu k paleoklimatologickému a paleogeografickému vývoji oblasti; 2. Organické průmyslové polutanty - jejich koncentrace, chování a degradace v prostředí Antarktidy; 3. Geomorfologický výzkum kamenných ledovců, periglaciálních a paraglaciálních fenoménů na ostrově James Ross; 4. Podrobné geologické mapování území projektovaného biologického monitoringu; 5. Tektono-metamorfní vývoj hornin akrečního prizmatu Trinity Peninsula Group; 6. Magmatické stavby antarktického batolitu (sev. část Graham Land) a způsob jeho vmístění; Sedimentologický a geomorfologický záznam zalednění na ostrově James Ross a jejich korelace s vývojem zalednění v průlivu Prince Gustav.
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Geologický výzkum Antarktidy
Masarykova univerzita, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Brno ; Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Praha ; Česká geologická služba, Praha ; Klán, Petr ; Máčka, Zdeněk ; Košler, Jan ; Mlčoch, Bedřich ; Nývlt, Daniel ; Jeřábek, Petr ; Žák, Jiří ; Lexa, Ondrej ; Mixa, Petr
V roce 2005 proběhly dvě terénní expedice. Hlavními cíli v této etapě byl geologický výzkum v širším okolí stavby stanice, který navazoval na předchozí, loňskou etapu a zahrnoval témata: Podrobné geologické mapování území širšího okolí budoucí stanice pro potřeby projektovaného biologického monitoringu; Studium zdrojových oblastí tillů a glacifluviálních sedimentů na ostrově James Ross ve vztahu k paleoklimatologickému a paleogeografickému vývoji oblasti; Geomorfologický výzkum kamenných ledovců, periglaciálních a paraglaciálních fenoménů na ostrově James Ross; Vývoj zalednění na ostrově James Ross, studium glaciálních a glacimarinních sedimentů terciérního i kvartérního stáří a zalednění; Paleoklimatická rekonstrukce během holocénu; Organické průmyslové polutanty - jejich koncentrace, chování a degradace v prostředí Antarktidy.
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Geologický výzkum Antarktidy
Masarykova univerzita, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Brno ; Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Praha ; Česká geologická služba, Praha ; Lisá, Lenka ; Holub, František ; Elster, Josef ; Štípská, Pavla ; Košler, Jan ; Mlčoch, Bedřich ; Nývlt, Daniel ; Mixa, Petr
Hlavním cílem projektu v tomto roce byl geologický výzkum v širším okolí budoucí stanice pro potřeby projektovaného biologického monitoringu: Podrobné geologické mapování území; Studium zdrojových oblastí tillů a glacifluviálních sedimentů na ostrově James Ross ve vztahu k paleoklimatologickému a paleogeografickému vývoji oblasti; Geomorfologický výzkum kamenných ledovců, periglaciálních a paraglaciálních fenoménů na ostrově James Ross; Vývoj zalednění na ostrově James Ross, studium glaciálních a glacimarinních sedimentů terciérního i kvartérního stáří a zalednění. Byly realizovány tyto práce: geologické mapování v měřítku 1 : 25 000; Podrobná geologická dokumentace; Odběr horninových vzorků.
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